Laser yekucheka tekinoroji inoshandisa laser kupfutisa zvinhu, zvichikonzera kuchekwa kumucheto.Ipo ichiwanzo shandiswa pakugadzira maindasitiri maapplication, ikozvino yave kushandiswa nezvikoro, mabhizinesi madiki, zvivakwa, uye hobbyists.Laser yekucheka inoshanda nekutungamira kuburitsa kweyepamusoro-simba laser kazhinji kazhinji kuburikidza neoptics.Iyo laser optics uye CNC (kombuta nhamba yekudzora) inoshandiswa kutungamira laser danda kune izvo zvinhu.Iyo yekushambadzira laser yekucheka zvinhu inoshandisa inofamba inodzora sisitimu kutevedzera CNC kana G-kodhi yepateni kuti ichekerwe pazvinhu.Iyo yakatarisana nelaser beam inonangidzirwa pane izvo, izvo zvinozonyunguduka, kupisa, kunyunguduka kure, kana kupeperetswa nejeti yegesi, [1] ichisiya mupendero une yemhando yepamusoro yepamusoro.
Nhoroondo
Muna 1965, yekutanga kugadzira laser yekucheka muchina wakashandiswa kuchera makomba mumadhaimani anofa.Muchina uyu wakagadzirwa neWestern Electric Engineering Research Center. [3]Muna 1967, maBritish akatanga kuchekwa nelaser-assisted oxygen jet yesimbi.[4]Mukutanga ma1970s, tekinoroji iyi yakaiswa mukugadzirwa kutema titanium yekushandiswa kwemuchadenga.Panguva imwecheteyo CO2 lasers yakagadziridzwa kuti icheke zvisiri zvesimbi, semicheka, nekuti, panguva iyoyo, CO2 lasers yakanga isina simba rakakwana rekukunda kupisa kwesimbi. [5]
Process
Industrial laser yekucheka simbi ine mirairo yekucheka yakarongwa kuburikidza neCNC interface
Laser danda rinowanzo kutariswa uchishandisa yepamusoro-mhando lens panzvimbo yebasa.Hunhu hwedanda hune simba rakananga pane yakanangwa nzvimbo saizi.Iyo yakatetepa chikamu chedanda rakatariswa kazhinji isingasviki 0.0125 inches (0.32 mm) mudhayamita.Zvichienderana nekukora kwezvinhu, kerf upamhi hudiki se0.004 inches (0.10 mm) zvinogoneka.[6]Kuti ukwanise kutanga kucheka kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwekumucheto, kuboora kunoitwa pamberi pekucheka kwese.Kuboora kazhinji kunosanganisira yakakwirira-simba pulsed laser danda iro zvishoma nezvishoma rinogadzira gomba muzvinhu, zvichitora anenge masekonzi mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu kwe0.5-inch-kukora (13 mm) simbi isina tsvina, semuenzaniso.
Iwo maranzi anowirirana echiedza chakabatana kubva kune laser sosi anowanzo kuwira pakati pe 0.06-0.08 inches (1.5-2.0 mm) mudhayamita.Iri danda rinowanzo kutariswa uye kuwedzeredzwa nelenzi kana girazi kune diki nzvimbo inosvika 0.001 inches (0.025 mm) kugadzira yakanyanya kusimba laser beam.Kuti uwane iyo yakapfava inogoneka kupedzisa panguva yekucheka contour, iyo dhizaini polarization inofanirwa kutenderedzwa sezvainotenderera kutenderera kweiyo contoured workpiece.Pakucheka simbi pepa, kureba kwefocal kunowanzoita 1.5–3 inches (38–76 mm).[7]
Zvakanakira laser yekucheka pamusoro pemechani yekucheka zvinosanganisira nyore kubata uye kuderedzwa kusvibiswa kweworkpiece (sezvo pasina kucheka mupendero unogona kusvibiswa nezvinhu kana kusvibisa zvinhu).Precision inogona kunge iri nani, sezvo laser beam isingapfeki panguva yekuita.Panewo mukana wakadzikiswa wekugadzirisa zvinhu zviri kuchekwa, sezvo masisitimu elaser ane nzvimbo diki inokanganisa kupisa.[8]Zvimwe zvinhu zvakare zvakaoma kana kuti hazvigoneke kucheka nenzira dzechinyakare.
Laser kucheka simbi kune zvakanakira pamusoro peplasma yekucheka yekunyatsojeka[9] uye kushandisa simba shoma pakucheka pepa simbi;zvisinei, akawanda maindasitiri lasers haagoni kucheka kuburikidza mukuru simbi ukobvu kuti plasma anogona.Michina mitsva yelaser inoshanda nesimba repamusoro (6000 watts, sekufananidzwa neyekutanga laser yekucheka michina '1500 watt ratings) iri kusvika kumichina yeplasma mukugona kwavo kucheka nepakati zvinhu zvakakora, asi mutengo mukuru wemichina yakadai wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo weplasma. michina yekucheka inokwanisa kucheka zvinhu zvakakora sendiro yesimbi.[10]
Types
4000 watt CO2 laser cutter
Kune matatu makuru marudzi e lasers anoshandiswa mukucheka laser.Iyo CO2 laser inokodzera kucheka, kufinha, uye kunyora.Iwo neodymium (Nd) uye neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers akafanana muchimiro uye anosiyana chete mukushandisa.Nd inoshandiswa kufinha uye uko kune simba rakawanda asi kudzokorora kwakaderera kunodiwa.Iyo Nd: YAG laser inoshandiswa panodiwa simba rakakwirira uye rekufinha uye kunyora.Ose CO2 uye Nd/Nd: YAG lasers anogona kushandiswa welding. [11]
CO2 lasers inowanzo "pumped" nekupfuura ikozvino kuburikidza negasi musanganiswa (DC-inofadza) kana kushandisa redhiyo frequency simba (RF-inofadza).Iyo RF nzira ndeye nyowani uye yave kufarirwa zvakanyanya.Sezvo madhizaini eDC achida maelectrodes mukati megomba, anogona kusangana nekukukurwa kwe electrode uye plating ye electrode zvinhu pagirazi uye optics.Sezvo RF resonator ine ekunze maelectrode ivo havatani kune iwo matambudziko.CO2 lasers anoshandiswa kucheka maindasitiri ezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinosanganisira titanium, simbi isina tsvina, simbi yakapfava, aluminium, plastiki, huni, huni dzakagadzirwa, wakisi, machira, uye bepa.YAG lasers anonyanya kushandiswa kucheka uye kunyora simbi uye ceramics. [12]
Pamusoro peiyo sosi yemagetsi, mhando yekuyerera kwegasi inogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakare.Zvakajairwa zvakasiyana zveCO2 lasers zvinosanganisira kukurumidza axial kuyerera, kunonoka axial kuyerera, kutenderera kuyerera, uye slab.Mukukurumidza axial kuyerera resonator, musanganiswa wecarbon dioxide, helium uye nitrogen inotenderedzwa nepamusoro-soro neturbine kana blower.Transverse kuyerera lasers inotenderedza musanganiswa wegasi pane yakaderera velocity, ichida iri nyore blower.Slab kana diffusion yakatonhodzwa resonators ine static gasi munda usingade kudzvanywa kana magirazi egirazi, zvinotungamira kukuchengetedza kune ekutsiva turbines uye glassware.
Iyo laser jenareta uye ekunze optics (kusanganisira iyo yekutarisa lens) inoda kutonhora.Zvichienderana nehukuru hwehurongwa uye magadzirirwo, kupisa kwemarara kunogona kutamiswa neinotonhorera kana kuti yakananga kumhepo.Mvura inotonhodza inowanzo shandiswa, inowanzotenderedzwa kuburikidza neinotonhora kana kupisa.
Laser microjet imvura-jet inotungamirwa laser umo pulsed laser beam inosanganiswa kuita yakaderera-kumanikidza mvura jeti.Izvi zvinoshandiswa kuita laser yekucheka mabasa paunenge uchishandisa jeti yemvura kutungamira danda relaser, senge optical fiber, kuburikidza nekuzara kwemukati kuratidza.Zvakanakira izvi ndezvekuti mvura inobvisawo marara uye inotonhorera zvinhu.Mamwe mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare "yakaoma" leser yekucheka mamhanyiro akakwira dicing, parallel kerf, uye omnidirectional kucheka.[13]
Fiber lasers imhando yakasimba state laser iri kukurumidza kukura mukati meindasitiri yekucheka simbi.Kusiyana neCO2, Fiber tekinoroji inoshandisa yakasimba kuwana svikiro, kusiyana negasi kana mvura.Iyo "laser yembeu" inogadzira danda relaser uye rinobva rawedzerwa mukati megirazi fiber.Iine wavelength ye1064 nanometers fiber lasers inogadzira saizi diki yakanyanyisa (kusvika ka100 idiki kana ichienzaniswa neCO2) zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka yekucheka inopenya simbi zvinhu.Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakanakira Fiber zvichienzaniswa neCO2.[14]
Fiber laser cutter mabhenefiti anosanganisira: -
Rapid processing nguva.
Kuderedzwa kwesimba rekushandisa & mabhiri - nekuda kwekushanda kwakanyanya.
Kuvimbika kukuru uye kuita - hapana maoptics ekugadzirisa kana kuenzanisa uye hapana marambi ekutsiva.
Kuchengetedza zvishoma.
Iko kugona kugadzirisa zvakanyanya zvinoratidzira zvinhu zvakaita semhangura nendarira
Kubudirira kwepamusoro - mitengo yekushanda yakaderera inopa kudzoka kukuru pakudyara kwako.[15]
Nzira
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana mukucheka uchishandisa lasers, nemhando dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa kucheka zvinhu zvakasiyana.Dzimwe dzenzira idzi vaporization, kunyunguduka uye kuvhuvhuta, kunyunguduka kuvhuvhuta uye kupisa, kupisa kwekushushikana kutsemuka, kunyora, kutonhora kucheka uye kupisa kwakagadzikana laser kucheka.
vaporization yekucheka
Mu vaporization kucheka danda rakatariswa rinopisa pamusoro pechinhu kusvika ku flashpoint point uye inoburitsa kiyi hole.The keyhole inotungamirira kuwedzera kamwe kamwe absorptivity nokukurumidza kudzika gomba.Gomba parinodzika uye zvinhu zvichifashaira, mhute inogadzirwa inobvisa madziro akanyunguduka ari kufefetera kunze uye kuwedzera buri.Zvinhu zvisina kunyunguduka zvakaita sehuni, kabhoni uye thermoset mapurasitiki anowanzo kutemwa nenzira iyi.
Nyunguduka uye furidzira
Nyungudusa uye kuvhuvhuta kana fusion yekucheka inoshandisa yakakwira-kudzvanywa gasi kuvhuvhuta zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kubva munzvimbo yekucheka, zvichideredza zvakanyanya simba rinodiwa.Chekutanga zvinhu zvacho zvinopisa kusvika pakunyunguduka kozoti jeti regasi rinofuridzira zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kubva mukefi zvichidzivirira kudiwa kwekukwidza tembiricha yechinhu chacho zvakare.Zvinhu zvakachekwa nenzira iyi zvinowanzoita simbi.
Thermal stress cracking
Brittle zvinhu zvinonyanya kunzwisiswa nekutyoka kwekupisa, chinhu chinoshandiswa mukupisa kwekushushikana kwekupwanya.Danda rinotariswa pamusoro pepamusoro richikonzera kudziyisa kwenzvimbo uye kuwedzera kwemafuta.Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekutsemuka kunozotungamirirwa nekufambisa danda.Mutswe unogona kutamiswa muhurongwa hwem/s.Inowanzoshandiswa mukucheka girazi.
Stealth dicing yesilicon wafers
Rumwe ruzivo: Wafer dicing
Kupatsanurwa kwema microelectronic machipisi sezvakagadzirirwa mu semiconductor mudziyo kugadzirwa kubva pasilicon wafers inogona kuitwa neinonzi stealth dicing process, inoshanda ne pulsed Nd: YAG laser, iyo wavelength yayo (1064 nm) yakanyatso kuchinjirwa kune yemagetsi. bhendi gap resilicon (1.11 eV kana 1117 nm).
Reactive kucheka
Iyo inonziwo "kupisa kwakagadzikana laser gasi kutema", "kutema murazvo".Reactive kucheka kwakafanana neokisijeni torch yekucheka asi nelaser beam senzvimbo yekudzima.Inonyanya kushandiswa kucheka kabhoni simbi muukobvu kupfuura 1 mm.Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kucheka simbi yakakora kwazvo mahwendefa ane mashoma laser simba.
Tolerances uye kupera kwepamusoro
Laser cutters vane positioning yechokwadi ye 10 micrometers uye repeatability ye 5 micrometers.[citation inodiwa]
Yakajairwa roughness Rz inowedzera neshizha ukobvu, asi inodzikira nelaser simba uye kumhanya kwekucheka.Pakucheka simbi yakaderera kabhoni ine laser simba re800 W, yakajairwa roughness Rz i10 μm yeshizha ukobvu hwe1 mm, 20 μm ye3 mm, uye 25 μm ye6 mm.
{\ displaystyle Rz={\frac {12.528\cdot S^{0.542}}{P^{0.528}\cdot V^{0.322}}}}{\displaystyle Rz={\frac {12.528\cdot S^{0.542} }}{P^{0.528}\cdot V^{0.322}}}}
Ikoko: {\ displaystyle S=}S= simbi shizha ukobvu muna mm;{\ displaystyle P=}P= laser simba mu kW (mamwe ma laser cutters matsva ane laser simba re4 kW);{\ displaystyle V=}V= kucheka kumhanya mumamita paminiti.[16]
Iyi nzira inokwanisa kubata zvakanyanya kushivirira, kazhinji kusvika mukati me 0.001 inch (0.025 mm).Chikamu geometry uye kunzwika kwemuchina wemuchina zvine zvakawanda zvekuita nekugona kushivirira.Iyo yemazuva ese kupera kunobva pakucheka kwelaser beam kunogona kubva pa125 kusvika 250 micro-inches (0.003 mm kusvika 0.006 mm).[11]
Zvigadziriso zvemuchina
Dual-pallet inobhururuka optics laser
Flying optics laser musoro
Kune kazhinji matatu akasiyana masisitimu emaindasitiri laser yekucheka michina: inofambisa zvinhu, yakasanganiswa, uye inobhururuka optics masisitimu.Izvi zvinoreva nzira iyo laser beam inofambiswa pamusoro pezvinhu kuti zvichekwe kana kugadziriswa.Kune zvese izvi, matemo ekufamba anowanzo kusarudzwa X uye Y axis.Kana musoro wekucheka uchigona kudzorwa, unosarudzwa seZ-axis.
Inofamba zvinhu lasers ine yakamira yekucheka musoro uye inofambisa zvinhu pasi payo.Iyi nzira inopa chinhambwe chinogara kubva kune laser jenareta kune workpiece uye imwe poindi kubva painobvisa kucheka effluent.Inoda mashoma optics, asi inoda kufambisa iyo workpiece.Muchina uyu wemaitiro unowanzo kuve neashoma danda kuburitsa optics, asi zvakare anowanzo kuve anononoka.
Hybrid lasers inopa tafura inofamba mune imwe axis (kazhinji X-axis) uye inofambisa musoro parutivi ipfupi (Y) axis.Izvi zvinoguma nekureba kwenzira yekuburitsa danda kupfuura muchina unobhururuka uye zvinogona kubvumidza iri nyore kuburitsa danda system.Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuderedzwa kwesimba kurasikirwa muhurongwa hwekutumira uye huwandu hwakawanda pawatt pane inobhururuka optics michina.
Flying optics lasers ine tafura yakamira uye musoro wekucheka (une laser beam) unofamba pamusoro pechishandiso mune ese ari maviri akachinjika zviyero.Flying optics cutters inochengeta iyo workpiece yakamira panguva yekugadziriswa uye kazhinji haidi kusungirirwa kwezvinhu.Huremu hunofamba hunogara huripo, saka masimba haabatike nekusiyana kwehukuru hweworkpiece.Flying optics machines ndiyo inokurumidza mhando, iyo inobatsira kana uchicheka maworkpiece matete.[17]
Flying optic machines inofanira kushandisa imwe nzira yekutarisa kuchinja kwedanda kureba kubva pedyo nemunda (padyo neresonator) kucheka kusvika kumunda uri kure (kure kure neresonator) kucheka.Nzira dzakajairika dzekudzora izvi dzinosanganisira kudhumhana, adaptive optics kana kushandiswa kweiyo inogara danda kureba axis.
Michina mishanu nenhanhatu-axis zvakare inobvumidza kucheka akaumbwa maworkpiece.Uye zvakare, kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekutarisa iyo laser beam kune yakaumbwa workpiece, kuchengetedza yakaringana yekutarisa chinhambwe uye nozzle standoff, nezvimwe.
Pulsing
Pulsed lasers iyo inopa simba repamusoro-soro kwechinguva chidiki inoshanda zvakanyanya mune mamwe ma laser ekucheka maitiro, kunyanya ekuboora, kana maburi madiki kwazvo kana akadzika kwazvo kucheka kumhanya kunodiwa, nekuti kana yakagara laser beam yakashandiswa, kupisa kwaigona kusvika pakunyungudusa chidimbu chose chiri kuchekwa.
Mazhinji maindasitiri lasers ane kugona kupuruzira kana kucheka CW (inoenderera mberi wave) pasi peNC (nhamba yekudzora) chirongwa chekutonga.
Kaviri pulse lasers anoshandisa akatevedzana pulse pairs kunatsiridza kubviswa kwezvinhu uye kunaka kwegomba.Chaizvoizvo, puruzi yekutanga inobvisa zvinhu kubva pamusoro uye yechipiri inodzivirira ejecta kubva kunamira kudivi regomba kana kucheka.[18]
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-16-2022