Prefabricated Home

Dzimba dzakafanogadzirirwa, dzinowanzonzi dzimba dzeprefab kana kungogara, inyanzvi dzekugara dzezvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa, izvo zvinogadzirwa kunze kwesaiti pamberi, kazhinji muzvikamu zvakajairwa zvinogona kutumirwa nyore nekuunganidzwa.Mamwe emazuva ano prefab emba madhizaini anosanganisira ekuvaka akafuridzirwa ne postmodernism kana futurist architecture.

Dzimba dzekanzuru dzisina kugara dzakagadzirwa muSeacroft, Leeds, UK
“Prefabricated” inogona kureva zvivakwa zvakavakwa muzvikamu (eg mapaneru), modules (modular dzimba) kana zvikamu zvinotakurika (dzimba dzakagadzirwa), uye zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kureva dzimba dzinofamba, kureva, dzimba dzine mavhiri.Kunyangwe zvakafanana, nzira uye magadzirirwo ezvitatu izvi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya.Kune maviri-nhanho zvirongwa zvemba, pamwe neyakajairwa zvirongwa zvemba.Kune misiyano yakakura mumhando dzekuvaka.MuUS, dzimba dzinotakurika uye dzakagadzirwa dzinovakwa zvinoenderana neHUD makodhi ekuvaka, nepo modular dzimba dzakavakwa zvinoenderana neIRC (International Residential Code).

Modular dzimba dzakagadzirwa muzvikamu, uye dzozotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekumba yekuvakwa nekuiswa.Kunyange zvazvo zvikamu zveimba zvakagadzirirwa kare, zvikamu, kana ma modules, anoiswa pamwe chete pakuvaka zvakadai seimba yakajairika.
Dzimba dzakagadzirwa dzinovakwa pamatanda esimbi, uye dzinotakurwa muzvikamu zvakakwana kunzvimbo yemusha, uko dzinounganidzwa.Mavhiri, hitch uye maekisi zvinobviswa panzvimbo kana imba yakaiswa panheyo yekusingaperi.
Dzimba dzinotakurika, kana kuti turera, dzakavakwa pamavhiri, uye dzinogona kudhonzwa nemotokari.Zvinoonekwa sezvivakwa zvemunhu, uye zvinopihwa rezinesi neDhipatimendi reMotokari.Iwo anofanirwa kuvakwa kune iyo DMV kodhi, uye kupasa ongororo yekupihwa rezenisi.

Nhoroondo

"Loren" Iron House, kuOld Gippstown muMoe, Australia
Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwechivakwa chakagadzirirwa chaive muna 1160 kusvika 1170 naWace sezvakasimbiswa naPierre Bouet.Muchinyorwa chaMay/Chikumi 2015 chemagazini yeFrench Historia, akataura nezve nhare yakatakurwa nemaNorman mu 'kiti'. “Vakatora matanda muchikepe ndokuazvuzvurudzira pasi.Ipapo Count (Earl) akavaunza, (matanda) akatoboorwa uye akarongwa, akavezwa uye akachekwa, mapegi (raw-plugs/dowels) akatochekwa uye akatakurwa mumadhiramu, akavaka nhare, akacherwa moat akaipoteredza uye nokudaro akanga avaka nhare huru usiku.”

Zvivako zvinofambiswa zvakashandiswa muzana ramakore rechi 16 muIndia naEmperor Akbar The Great.Zvimiro izvi zvakashumwa naArif Qandahari muna 1579. [1]

MuUnited States, makambani akati wandei anosanganisira Sears Catalog Homes akatanga kupa mail-odha kit dzimba pakati pa1902 na1910. [2]The Forest Products Laboratory, chikamu cheUS Forest Service, yakaisa tsvakiridzo yakakura mudzimba dzakagadzirwa kare muma1930s, kusanganisira kuvaka imwe ye1935 Madison Home Show.[3]Tsvakurudzo iyi yakaenderera mberi kusvika kuma1960.

Pakasvika 1958, inenge 10 muzana yedzimba itsva muUnited States dzakanga dzatogadzirwa kare.[4]

Contemporary mudzimba prefabrication
Yetwater Dwellings Prefab Home
Muenzaniso weimba yakapedzwa mapuranga muLake Whatcom, United States.
Parizvino, iyo indasitiri yezvivakwa yedzimba yakakamurwa nenzira yekuvaka.Panelized, Modular, uye Yakagadzirwa dhizaini yemba inoumba mazhinji emafemu emazuva ano, ane kupindirana kukuru pakati penzira dzekuvaka.

Panelized dzimba
Dzimba dzakashongedzerwa (dzinonziwo dzimba dzakavakwa), dzinovaka zvimiro, kana "mapaneli", emba (madziro, denga uye pasi masisitimu) mufekitori yekunze uko mapaneru anochekwa neautomated saws uye laser cutters kubva. mapepa makuru emapuranga, achibvumira kuderera kwemarara kana kuenzaniswa nekuvaka-kwakavakwa.[6]Kutevera kucheka kwavo nekuumbwa kwavo, mapaneru anorongedzerwa oendeswa kunzvimbo yebasa uko imba inounganidzwa zvidimbu nenzira yakafanana neyechinyakare saiti-yakavakirwa imba.

Dzimba dzakashongedzwa dzinowanzoonekwa sepakati pakati pechinyakare saiti-yakavakirwa imba uye mamwe akagadzirwa prefabs, nekuchinjika kwesaiti-kuvaka uye kugona kwe prefab.[7]

North America
United Sitetsi
Huwandu hwemusika wevasiri-saiti hwakavakwa dzimba dzemhuri imwe chete (modular uye panelized) yaive pa3% yekupedzwa kwemhuri imwe muna 2020, sekureva kweCensus Bureau Survey yeKuvaka data uye NAHB ongororo.[8]Chikamu ichi chinotarisirwa kukwira zvine mwero muna 2021.

Europe
Globe icon.
Mienzaniso uye maonero ari muchikamu chino anobata zvakanyanya neUnited Kingdom uye haimiriri maonero epasi rose echidzidzo.Unogona kuvandudza chikamu ichi, kurukura nyaya iri papeji yehurukuro, kana kugadzira chikamu chitsva, sezvakakodzera.(Chikunguru 2019) (Dzidza sei uye riini kubvisa iyi template meseji)
MuUnited Kingdom, dzimba dzinopfuura 156,000 dzakagadzirwa kare dzakavakwa pakati pa1945 na1948.[9]

Mumakore ekuma1940 mugadziri wechiFrench Jean Prouvé akagadzira imba yearuminiyamu yakagadzirwa kare, Maison Tropicale, kuti ishandiswe muAfrica.[10]

Mushure meHondo Yenyika II kusvika 1948, Sell-Fertighaus GmbH akavaka pamusoro pe5,000 dzimba dzakagadzirwa kare muGermany kuitira kutora simba reUnited States.
Huf Haus yakagadzirwa neGerman pedyo neWest Linton, Scotland.
Iko hakuna pan-EU chiyero cheimba yerudzi urwu rwekuvaka imba, uye mutemo uri padanho renyika.Mirairo yeEU inoshanda pakuvakwa kwedzimba uye dhizaini haikanganisi zvakananga chikamu chemba chemo.

United Kingdom

Chinyorwa chikuru: Prefabs muUnited Kingdom

Imba yepashure peHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yeChirungu yakavakirwa imba, yakabatana nenzvimbo yakafanana yakavakwazve nezvidhinha.
KuUnited Kingdom, izwi rekuti "prefab" rinowanzo kuenderana nemhando chaiyo yeimba yakagara yakavakwa yakawanda mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri,[11] senge dzimba dzeAirey, sechinzvimbo chenguva pfupi cheimba yakange yaparadzwa nemabhomba. , kunyanya muLondon.

Pasinei nechinangwa chokuti dzimba idzi dzive dzenguva pfupi chete, dzakawanda dzakaramba dzichigarwa kwemakore uye kunyange makumi emakore hondo yapera.Nhamba shomanana ichiri kushandiswa muzana remakore rechi21, asi yakawanda uye yakawanda iri kuparadzwa.Muna 2011 zvakaziviswa kuti nzvimbo huru yeBritain yasara yedzimba 187 muLewisham, South-East London, inofanira kuvandudzwa kunze kwedzimba nhanhatu.[12]

Prefabs dzakavakwawo muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga senge dzimba dzichiri kugarwa muAustin Village, Birmingham.

Ikozvino kudzokororwa kweiyo pfungwa kuvandudzwa kwedzimba makumi matatu nenhanhatu dzinodaidzwa kuti y:cube yakagadzirwa neYMCA muMitcham, South London[13] Ilke Homes muKnaresborough inovaka 2 uye 3 imba yekurara 'modular' dzimba dzinogona kuvakwa mumaawa makumi matatu nematanhatu. 14]

Australia neAsia
Muna 2010, Bali yakatengesa kunze 98,417 dzimba dzakagadzirwa kare, asi muna 2011 dunhu rakangoendesa kunze zvikamu zviuru zvishanu nemazana manomwe nekuda kwekuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika uko kwakanganisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekutumira kunze.Idzi dzimba dzeBalinese prefab dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa nekugadzirwa kwadzo kwehunyanzvi uye kukosha kunoshanda.[15]