A hwaro,
Inoreva nhengo inotakura-mutoro iri pasi pechivako ichisangana nenheyo, yakananga inosangana nenheyo yekuwedzera kwezasi kwechimiro chinoshandiswa kutamisa mitoro.Basa rayo ndere kuendesa mutoro kubva kumusoro kwechivako kusvika kunheyo.Saka hwaro hunofanira kuva hwakasimba, hwakasimba uye hwakavimbika.Nhengo yezvimiro pasi pepasi pasi inoshandiswa kuendesa superstructure mitoro kune nheyo.
Chechipiri, iyo yakavakirwa-mukati
Civil kana iwe unowanzo kuita panguva yenheyo, kuitira kuti gare gare kuisirwa chimiro kana chishandiso chiri nyore, pahwaro hwekare paunenge uchiita chikamu chekutanga chemidziyo base, kana anchor bhaudhi, kana mune yekubatsira simbi chimiro chekutanga kuisa. hwaro uhwu mushure mokusvika kumagumo, zvinogona nyore ipapo ipapo midziyo yakamisikidzwa pane yakamisikidzwa bhodhi kana yakamisikidzwa zvikamu, izvo zvakajairika muinjiniya.
Tatu, mbiru
Muchigadzirwa cheinjiniya, kunyanya kumanikidzwa kwebheya, dzimwe nguva zvakare kutakura nguva yekukotama tsvimbo yakatwasuka, inoshandiswa kutsigira matanda, trusses, pasi, etc. Mafomu echikamu anoiswa seskweya mbiru, koramu, pombi mbiru, rectangular column, I-shaped column, H. -koramu yakaita saT, mbiru yakaita L, mbiru yemuchinjikwa, kaviri mbiru, retisi;Column chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chechimiro, kuparadzwa kwekoramu kunotungamira mukukuvadzwa uye kudonha kwechimiro chese.
Yakazvimirira koramu iri kuvakwa, mbiru dzekumusoro dhizaini kudzikisira iyo inowedzera kugadzikana kwechivako chivakwa mbiru, gable mhepo mbiru, sezvinoreva zita, iyo huru mhepo mhedzisiro, asi zvakare ine mhedzisiro yeanti vibration uye kusimbisa iyo kugadzikana, ne gable do monolithic rusvingo yakanyanyisa, kusimbisa kugadzikana uye nemhepo / kudengenyeka kwenyika mutoro, kuitira kuti udzivise kusagadzikana kwemajeri.Furemu mbiru uye yakazvimirira koramu inotakura-inotakura zvimiro mbiru, furemu mbiru inoshandiswa kune furemu dhizaini kana chidimbu furemu dhizaini inotakura-inotakura dhizaini mbiru, kuburikidza nefuremu danda uye inoenderera danda yakabatana pamwechete.
Four, column support
1. Basa rerutsigiro rwekoramu: kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwese uye kureba kuomarara kwechirimwa skeleton;Sezvo lateral tsigiro mbiru kuona yakaverengwa kureba mbiru kunze furemu ndege;Takura wakapinza wakatwasuka mutoro kubva kufekitari, kunyanya mutoro wemhepo
Nheyo yekugadzira: musimboti werutsigiro rwunochinjika ndewekuti simbi yakatenderedza inofanirwa kudzvinyirirwa (chiyero chekutsikirira kwesimbi inotenderera inoiswa kune kumwe kuomarara kunze kwendege), kuitira kuti inyatso kufambisa iyo longitudinal yakatwasuka simba, hongu. , kana isina kukakavara, izvi zvichakanganisa kuoma kwese uye kugadzikana kwechimiro;Kana zviri zvitsigiro zvakawanda muchikamu chechimiro, chakatemerwa neiyo longitudinal yakatwasuka simba, simbi bhaa dhayamita uye marongerwo musimboti;Ukuru hwesimbi yakatenderera inotarirwa nemutoro unotakurwa nerutsigiro.Zviri pachena kuti iyo yakatarwa haina muganho pane slenderness reshiyo yesimbi yakakomberedzwa yakatenderedzwa (hapana chikonzero chekutarisa slenderness reshiyo, chero bedzi simba rekusimba richisangana nezvinodiwa)
shanu, danda
Inotsigirwa nerutsigiro, simba rekunze rinonyanya kusimba lateral uye shear simba, uye chikuru deformation chikamu chinonzi danda.
1. Panyaya yebasa, kune matanda ezvimiro, senge hwaro danda uye furemu danda (iyo furemu danda (KL) inoreva danda rakabatana neiyo furemu column (KZ) kumagumo ese, kana danda rakabatana neshear madziro. kumativi ose asi ane span urefu reshiyo isingasviki 5m).Uye zvimwe zvakamira zvakamira semakoramu nemadziro anotakura mutoro pamwe chete zvinoumba hurongwa hwemamiriro ekunze;Kune matanda ezvimiro, akadai semhete matanda, lintel matanda, kubatanidza matanda uye zvichingodaro, kutsemuka kuramba, kudengenyeka kwepasi, kugadzikana uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa.Linkage danda danda rekubatanidza pakati penhengo dzezvimiro, basa nderekuwedzera kutendeseka kwechimiro.Iyo yekubatanidza danda inonyanya kushandiswa kubatanidza furemu imwe chete kuti iwedzere kuchinjika kana kureba kuoma kwechivako.Danda rekubatanidza haringatakuri mimwe mitoro kunze kwegiravhiti rayo pacharo uye mutoro wekuparadzanisa pachikamu chepamusoro.
2, danda maererano nefomu rechikamu, rinogona kukamurwa kuita: rectangular chikamu danda, T chikamu danda, muchinjiko chikamu danda, I-yakaumbwa chikamu chikamu danda, U chikamu danda, zvisina kujairika chikamu danda.
3, danda zvinoenderana nenzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana dzeimba, inogona kukamurwa kuita: denga remba, danda repasi, pasi pevhu danda, hwaro danda.(Roof beam inoreva nhengo huru yezvimiro padenga remba inotakura kudzvanywa kubva kune purlins uye mapaneru edenga.)
Nhanhatu, purlin
Iyo huru purlin inosungirirwa padenga uye kunze kwemadziro emadziro emadziro matanda, uye yechipiri purlin inoshandiswa kubatanidza denga uye kunze kwemadziro mapaneru kune hwaro chimiro.C / Z mhando simbi inowanzoshandiswa mune zvemazuva ano simbi zvivakwa zvivakwa.Z mhando yesimbi purlins inoshandiswa pakuvaka purlins, ine zviri nani zvemukati zvinotsigira zvikamu zvesimbi chimiro.Iwo mapurlins makuru akabatanidzwa padenga uye kunze kwemadziro emadziro mbiru matanda, uye echipiri purlins anoshandiswa kubatanidza denga uye ekunze madziro mapaneru kune hwaro chimiro.
Nomwe, purlin
Pakupera kwekungotsigirwa purlin kana makumbo ekuenderera mberi purlin, purlin mabhuraketi anogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira iyo purlin kubva kunyungudika kana kumonyoroka parutsigiro.Purlin mabhuraketi anowanzo gadzirwa neAngle kana ndiro splices ine vertical mahwendefa anenge 3/4 yehurefu uye akabhaurirwa kune purlins.
Rusere, dhonza
Yakavandudzwa purlin kugadzikana.Mudonzvo wekudhonza kazhinji isimbi yakatenderera ine dhayamita isingasviki 10mm.Iyo dhirowa inoenderana nehurefu hwepurlin.Kana kureba kwepurlin kuri 4m ~ 6m, zvakafanira kuseta dhirowa pakati penguva yepurlin.Kana span yakakura kudarika 6m, dhirowa inofanira kuiswa pachikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehurefu hwepurlin.Mumadziro epamusoro danda rinofanira kuiswa mutambo dhonza kune inotakura-inotakura mbiru kana madziro mbiru;Kana iyo yakatwasuka mutoro wemadziro emadziro ichipfuudzwa pasi kana majoists nenzira yakavimbika, tambo yekudhonza haidiwi.Mitsetse yacho ichabatanidzwa ne rigid purlins.Iwo mitsetse anowanzo kuwanikwa mukati me1/3 kureba kwewebhu yekumusoro flange yepurlin.
Zvipfumbamwe, simbi yemabvi
Corner brace ndiro danda rekutsigira riri pakati pebeam ne column, beam and purlin, column ne purlin mukona yedivi.Rusvingo runonzi tsigiro yekona yemadziro, denga rinonzi tsigiro yekona yedenga.
Basa: [1]: Kuti uone kugadzikana kwekunze-kwendege kwechikamu, kuderedza kureba kwekuverenga kwekunze kwechikamu.Kana lateral mapoinzi ekutsigira anodiwa kune yemukati flange yematanda nemakoramu, purlins kana madziro matanda akabatana nekunze flange anogona kushandiswa kupa makona braces.Rutsigiro rwekona runofanira kugadzirwa neimwe Angle simbi uye yakagadzirirwa zvinoenderana neaxial compression nhengo.
[2]: Yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira buckling uye kusagadzikana kwekumanikidza flanges (yakaderera flanges yematanda uye mukati maflanges emakoramu) uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwe compression flanges.Mabhuraketi akagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwenzvimbo yepasi flange yedanda pasi pekumanikidzwa.Kugadzikana kwenzvimbo yekumusoro flange yedanda kunovimbiswa nemapurlins akabatanidzwa pairi (chikonzero: iyo yepamusoro flange yedanda inzvimbo yakagadzikana uye hapana dambudziko rekugadzikana kwese. ; Asi kazhinji, masimba eparutivi nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwenzvimbo madiki. Naizvozvo, purlins inogona kushandiswa senhengo kuchengetedza flange yakagadzikana.)
Gumi.Crane danda
Danda rinoshandiswa kunyanya kurodha crane mukati mewekishopu rinonzi crane beam uye rinowanzoiswa pachikamu chepamusoro chemusangano.
Danda recrane ndiro mugwagwa wecrane, uye kune crane track padanda recrane, uye crane inomhanya ichidzoka nekudzoka padanda recrane kuburikidza nenjanji.Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chedanda ibhokisi-mhando, yakasungirirwa uye yakaumbwa;Kune zvakare akareruka, ane mbiri welding molding, kazhinji yakasimbiswa kongiri kana simbi chimiro.
Gumi nerimwe:Truss
Ndege kana chimiro chenzvimbo chine mbariro dzakatwasuka, kazhinji dzine mativi matatu.Pasi pechiito chemutoro, nhengo dzetruss dzinonyanya kutakura axial tension kana kumanikidzwa, kuitira kuti ishandise zvakakwana simba rezvinhu, kuchengetedza zvinhu, kuderedza uremu hwekufa uye kuwedzera kuoma kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi yakasimba yedumbu kana span yakakura.Naizvozvo, yakakodzera kune yakakura-span mitoro inotakura zvimiro uye shongwe zvivako.
Simba rakakwana - hapana kuputsika kana deformation yepurasitiki;Zvakakwana kuomarara - pasina yakawandisa elastic deformation;Kugadzikana kwakakwana - hapana kuputsika nekuda kwekuchinja kamwe kamwe muchimiro chekuenzanisa;Hunhu hwakanaka hune simba - seismic uye kupikisa mhepo.Truss design zvinodiwa: kusangana nezvinodiwa netsvimbo;Iva nekubatana kwakanaka, kusanganisira rivets, mapini uye weld joints.
Gumi nembiri: Denga
Denga rinowanzobatanidza kusapinda kwemvura, denga bhodhi, danda, midziyo pombi, denga, etc. Denga bhodhi haisi chete mutoro-inotakura chikamu, asiwo interface inoparadzanisa nzvimbo yepamusoro uye nzvimbo yekunze.
Denga ndiyo yakanyanya kumusoro kwehamvuropu yekuvaka, inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvinoshanda, kuti chivakwa chipe nzvimbo yakakodzera yemukati.
Mabasa epadenga uye zvinodiwa: denga ndiro rinonyanya kuvhara imba, rinoumbwa nedenga uye rinotsigira chimiro.Basa rekuvharirwa redenga nderekudzivirira kupinda kwemvura yakasikwa, chando uye jecha remhepo uye simba rezuva.Kune rumwe rutivi, inotorawo mutoro kubva pamusoro pedenga, kusanganisira mhepo nechando, uremu hwedenga uye uremu hwezvinobvira zvikamu uye vanhu, uye unochipfuudza kumadziro.Nokudaro, chinodiwa chedenga chakasimba uye chakasimba, sezvo chiedza chakakosha, chine mvura, moto, kuchengetedza kupisa uye kushanda kwekudzivirira kupisa.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodiwa zvezvikamu zviri nyore, kuvakwa kwakakodzera, uye zvinogona kubatanidzwa nechivakwa, nechitarisiko chakanaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-17-2022