Simbi structural framing systems

Nhanganyaya

Zvivako zvesimbi zvinoumbwa kubva kune skeleton furemu inoumbwa nembiru dzakadzika, matanda akatwasuka uye zvichingodaro zvakagadzirwa kubva kune simbi zvinhu, riveted, welded kana bhaudhi pamwe chete, kazhinji mune rectilinear gidhi.Zvivako zvesimbi zvinowanzo shandiswa zvepakati nepamusoro-soro, maindasitiri, dura uye zvivakwa zvekugara.

Zvakanakira zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinosanganisira:

Resilience kune kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kurodha kwemhepo.Kureruka kwekuvaka uye deconstruction.Inguva pfupi yekuvaka.Kuramba moto kana yarapwa.Inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe mhando dzekuvaka.Zviri nyore kujoinha.Yakanyatsojeka.Kugadzirwa kunze kwenzvimbo.Kusimba kwehuremu uye kusimba kusvika kuhuwandu.Bvumira marefu akajeka.Makoramu matete.Can. kuitwa pachena

Simbi structural systems

Zvinhu zvikuru zvezvivakwa zvesimbi zvinosanganisira madziro, pasi, matenga uye nhengo dzesimbi dzinogona kurongeka kuti dzive neimwe mhando yehurongwa inobatsira mukugadzikana kwechivako zvichienderana nerudzi kana kushandiswa kwechivako, chimiro uye kusimba kweiyo yakaiswa. mitoro uye hupenyu hwekugadzira hunodiwa

Kugadzira madziro

Wall bearing frameming inosanganisira kumisa madziro ematombo parimemita uye mukati mechivako uye nhengo dzesimbi dzakaumbwa dzinobva dzamiswa pamadziro emadziro vachishandisa mahwendefa esimbi anotakura uye ekupedzisira uye mabhaudhi eanchor.Dhizaini uye kuvakwa kwemadziro anotakura maframing zvinoenderana nekusimba kwemutoro uye nhambwe yepakati pakati pezvitsigiro zvinotevedzana.

Nepo kudzika kwakadzika matanda kunobatsira kuwedzera yakajeka headroom kureba kwechivako inoisawo chinodiwa kune padhuze spacing yemakoramu uye nekudaro inodzika iyo yakajeka nzvimbo yepasi nzvimbo.Ukuwo mafuremu akadzika danda anobatsira kureba kureba.

Skeleton framing

Iyi ndiyo column-beam structural framework system, iyo iyo yese lateral uye giravhiti mitoro inopfuudzwa kune simbi yesimbi uye inotamiswa pasi kune hwaro.Madziro anogadzirwa semadziro emaketeni asina kutakura mutoro.Skeleton framing inowanzo sanganisira spandrel matanda, makuru kana epuraimari matanda, epakati kana echipiri matanda, makoramu emadziro uye mukati makoramu uye yakasimbiswa kongiri slab.Kune eccentric yekubatanidza pakati pembiru uye matanda kune akawanda matekiniki anosanganisirwa akadai sekushandiswa kwesimbi mabhuraketi, gusset maplate uye haunches izvo zvinobatsira kugovera iyo induced stress.Shims inobatsira mukugadzira mutsara uye kukwirira kwekugadzirisa.Sherufu angle mabhureki anobatsira mukubatanidza spandrel danda nekoramu.

Kugadzira kwenguva refu

Kurebesa chinhambwe chinodarika 12m.Inobatsira kupa inochinjika pasi nzvimbo, koramu yemahara yemukati nzvimbo, kuderedzwa kweiyo-saiti yekuvaka nguva, inobvumira kuisirwa akawanda masevhisi uye yakasanganiswa kushandiswa kwenzvimbo.Inowanzo shandiswa kune zvivakwa zvakakura zveindasitiri, maodhitoriyamu, matheater, nzvimbo dzekuratidzira uye zvichingodaro.

Nzira dzinotevera dzinoshandiswa;stub girders, hunched composite matanda, composite trusses, cantilever suspensions spans, mahwendefa akapetwa, curvilinear grids, matete magomba domes, tambo network, space trusses, portal mafuremu zvichingodaro.

Girds

Aya mapango esimbi akadzika anobatsira kufamba madaro marefu.Hurefu hwekutenderera hunoenderana negiredhi resimbi yegiredhi uye span yakadzika reshiyo.Magirders anoiswa nenzira dzakasiyana kune ma stub girders ayo anotenderera kureba mukati mezvivakwa zviri kubatanidzwa kune main girders uye mahybrid girder aya ndiwo magirders anoshandiswa akaomeswa kuti atakure mitoro yakakwira nekuwedzera kwezvikamu zvakasungwa kumusoro nepasi. flanges.

Trusses

Matrusses ane mukana wekufamba nzendo refu nekuda kwehudzamu hukuru hwaainahwo huchiita kuti aomerwe nekutsauka.Mhando dzemateru anoshandiswa pakuvaka kwenguva refu anosanganisira Pratt trusses, Warren Trusses, Fink Trusses, Scissors, Bow String uye Vierendeel Trusses.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo ona: Truss.

Aya mafomu e-truss anogona kushandiswa senhengo huru dzinotsigira zvimiro mupasi uye padenga rekugadzira masisitimu.

Mafuremu akaomarara

Chiyero chekuoma mumatanda-column zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kunyatsoongororwa.Mumafuremu akaomeswa zvinongedzo zvakagadzirirwa kutakura nguva yekukotama uye kugera masimba.Iwo akagadzirwa akazara anoenderera mafuremu kuburikidza nehurefu hwese uye kureba mukushaikwa kwemahinji kana mapini mumakorona uye pakati pespan.

Nheyo dzakakura dzakasimba dzinobatsira kutakura uye kugovera nguva uye kugera pasi.Nezvikonzero zvehupfumi mamiriro epasi anofanirwa kutariswa sezvo zvichigona kutungamira kumitengo yepamusoro yenheyo mumamiriro asina kunaka epasi.

Arches

Arches anogona kugadzirwa seakasimba arches kana akavhurika webhu arches, matatu ane hinged, maviri ane hinged kana akagadziriswa arches.Izvi zvinoenderana nemhando yezvimiro zvekushandisa, masimba masimba, anchorage, kushandiswa kwekuvaka, mhando yenheyo uye mamiriro ekurodha.

Iwo matatu hinged arch anogona kubatsira kufamba madaro marefu kunyangwe paine mamiriro akashata akadai semamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, zvimiro zvinorema zvichingodaro.Maviri akapiniwa arches haana kusimba zvishoma kana achienzaniswa neatatu hinged arch zvimiro.Fixed arches anoshandiswa muzvivako zvine mitoro yakareruka uye mamiriro akanaka epasi.